Several microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the differentiation of neurons and neurogenesis in vertebrates’ brain. However, there is Scant knowledge of miRNAs and their Target genes in fish. Microarray is recognized as a standard method for a general study of genes that are under miRNAs’ control, although the high cost of this method has limited its application. With advances in bioinformatics algorithms and computer simulation, mRNA Targets for miRNAs can be predicted. Therefore, this study tries to determine genes and the relevant miRNAs by investigating the bioinformatics of genes and miRNAs involved in regulating active genes in differentiating neurons and neurogenesis in the brain of zebrafish with the help of Target Scan and DIANA tools. The results of bioinformatics investigations indicate that expression of neurod6b, neurod2, neurod4, olfm1a and olfm1b, gle1, sox11a and sox11b, c adm1b, notch2 and notch1b genes is more likely to be influenced by dremiRNAs during neurogenesis. In conclusion, the product of these genes can be used as a new appropriate candidate in experimental studies for understanding neurogenesis in the brain of zebrafish.

Regeneration is an endogenous process that culminates in restoring tissue and organ function completely. While the regeneration capacity in mammals is limited to specific tissues, lower vertebrates such as zebrafish can regenerate entire organs and most adult tissues. MicroRNAs are small non-coding molecules that regulate various biological processes (such as repair, differentiation, apoptosis, etc.) by controlling the expression of Target genes. An important challenge in the study of microRNAs is to identify and predict the genes that are Targeted by these small molecules. In recent years, various methods such as microarray, northern blot, and qRT-PCR have been introduced to identify the Target genes of microRNAs, but the high cost has limited the use of these methods. With the advancement of computational methods and bioinformatics algorithms, Target genes of microRNAs can be identified and predicted at a lower cost. In this study, an attempt was made to identify the genes and microRNAs involved in the repair and regeneration processes of zebrafish (Danio rerio) tissues using the software of Target Scan and DIANA databases with a bioinformatics approach. This research showed that the expression of Stat3, Dot1l, Pax6b, Smarca5, Mmp9, Cx43, Tnfb, Sox2, Ascl1a, and Hspd1 genes is most likely to be regulated in the process of repair and regeneration of zebrafish tissues under the influence of different microRNAs. Therefore, the mentioned genes can be suitable candidates for the laboratory investigation of genes involved in the tissue repair and regeneration process of the desired species.

Background & Objective: One of the most important aspects in radiotherapy is Target definition. Since routine methods of imaging (CT and MRI) are inadequate for treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRSI) as a functional imaging modality has recently been taken into consideration for Target definition. In this study we tried to use MRSI in addition to CT and MRI in order to identify clinical Target volume (CTV). The aim of the present study was to compare the clinical Target volumes based on anatomical imaging (CT-MRI) and anatomical-biochemical imaging (CT-MRI-MRS).Material & Method: In this study, we used images of 16 GBM cancer cases. MRS and MRI images were fused with CT images. Then, treatment planning was performed for each patient in two combined methods (CT+MRI and CT+MRS planning).Result: CTVsCT+MRS were significantly larger than CTVCT+MRI (Pvalue<0.05). No other considerable changes in other important factors of treatment planning were found.Conclusion: Application of MRSI for Target volume identification of GBM may lead to an increase in volume in comparison to CT planning alone; thereby, it is recommended to apply MRSI images for the purpose of Target determination of radiotherapy because of its advantages.

Background: Multislice computed tomography (CT) angiography is a robust imaging method for noninvasive assessment of coronary artery diseases، which is associated with high radiation dose. Having knowledge of the various parameters used to estimate the dose plays an important role in increasing the understanding of dose delivered to patients and help operators and technologist to reduce the dose. In this research، the amounts of Weighted Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDIW) for coronary CT angiography exams were measured in Isfahan city, IranMethods: To calculate the dose، an ionization chamber (Piranha، X-ray Analyzer، RTI Electronics and Sweden) and acrylic body phantom were used. Common conditions of coronary CT angiography used in two centers were applied for this project. Finally, CTDIW of all the Scans were calculated using the related formulation.Findings: The amount of mean CTDIW for calcium score exams in Sina and Alzahra hospitals were 0.468±0.190 and 2.354±0.610 mGy, respectively (P = 0.007); and for coronary CT angiography Scans in Sina and Alzahra hospitals were 6.221±1.290 and 5.299±0.840 mGy, respectively (P=0.860).Conclusion: CTDIW for the calcium score was significantly different in the two centers، but there was not significant difference in the two centers for coronary CT angiography Scans. In this study، the amount of CTDIW was much lower than the measured in other centers. Since Scan parameters have an important effect on the dose value، training and precision of technologist result in dose reduction and patient radiation protection.

Background and Objective: Prostate cancer is currently the second most common cancer among men worldwide. Given the prevalence of this disease and the costs imposed on society for its diagnosis and treatment, awareness of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, and factors influencing their outcomes is of particular importance. Materials and Methods: This prospective study aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of 99mTc- PSMA Scan and 99mTc-MDP Bone Scan in 40 patients with prostate cancer and bone metastases. The study was conducted between 2020 and 2023, and the results were compared based on the tissue differentiation of cancerous tissues. Results: Data analysis revealed that the diagnostic accuracy of 99mTc- PSMA Scan and 99mTc-MDP Bone Scan for grade groups 1-5 ranged from 95.4% to 100% and 95.4% to 100%, respectively. However, none of the results were statistically significant. Specifically, the 99mTc- PSMA Scan demonstrated diagnostic accuracy percentages of 100%, 98.7%, 96.1%, 96.6%, and 95.4%, respectively, for grade groups 1 to 5. Similarly, the diagnostic accuracy of 99mTc-MDP Bone Scan for grade groups 1 to 5 was 100%, 96.3%, 98.7%, 96.6%, and 95.4%, respectively. Conclusion: The statistical analysis of the data suggests that tissue differentiation of prostate cancer does not impact the diagnostic accuracy of 99mTc- PSMA Scan and 99mTc-MDP Bone Scan. Moreover, the Gleason score of tissue samples did not affect the differentiation of cancerous tissues by the Scans. Therefore, the findings suggest that 99mTc- PSMA Scan and 99mTc-MDP Bone Scan can provide accurate diagnostic results for prostate cancer patients with bone metastases, regardless of the tissue differentiation or Gleason score.